Hardoy / Satterthwaite .:. Squatter Citizen

Hardoy, Jorge E. and David Satterthwaite,
Squatter Citizen. Life in the Urban Third World. London: Earthscan Publ. Ltd., 1989. ix, 374 Seiten mit Literaturverzeichnis und Register. Broschur. 216 x 135 mm. 383 g

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* Gebräunt.
Bestell-Nr.159390 | ISBN: 1-85383-020-8 | 978-1-85383-020-4

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Hardoy Satterthwaite | Politik | Zeitgeschichte | Soziologie | Sociology | Dritte Welt

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The true planners and builders of Third World are the poor. They organize. plan and build with no help from professionals. Drawing on their own skills. making the best use of limited resources and forming their own community organizations, they account for most new city housing. But the city. which thrives on their cheap labour, rejects them. Their houses are deemed illegal, because they do not conform to regulations and they are called "squatters". because they cannot afford to buy sites legally. Their right to water, education and health care. even to vote, are often denied. This book challenges many common assumptions about the urban Third World — for example that urban citizens live in very large cities and that cities are growing rapidly, or that city dwellers benefit from "urban bias" in government and aid policies. It is about the lives of the "squatter citizens" and the problems they face in their struggle for survival.

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Contents
Preface 1
Introduction 5
An urbanizing world 5
Homogenizing the Third World 7
The context for this book 9
1. The Legal and the Illegal City 12
Building cities from the bottom up 12
The colonial legacy 18
The illegal city 25
The law is not equal for all 29
2. One Government Cannot Hold All Wisdom 37
Inappropriate models and concepts 38
Attitudes to housing 41
Urban growth as a problem 51
Local government —a responsibility without the resources 54
National policies
The impact of the economic crisis 58
Blocks to change 60
3. The Search for Shelter 62
"The value of my house — 26 years struggle" 62
The diversity of need 66
The development of tenements 72
The growth of illegal settlements 74
Acquiring land for housing 79
Owners and renters 86
Government attitudes to illegal settlements 89
4. Shelter: the Response of Government 95
The cost of government inaction on land 99
Evaluating government housing policies 102
The cost ofinappropriate action: public housing for the few 106
The myth of the housing gap 113
Public provision in centrally planned economies 114
5. The Emergence of New Attitudes and Policies for Housing 118
Obstacles to scaling up and institutionalizing the new
approaches 126
Governments and the market 132
Building on the last thirty years experience — the popular
approach 136
Implementing the popular approach 140
6. Environmental Problems in Third World Cities in the
Home, Workplace and Neighbourhood 146
The indoor environment — at home and at work 147
The neighbourhood environment 159
Tackling environmental health problems 162
The role of privatization 165
Another role for NGOs 169
7. Environmental Problems at the City and Regional Level 179
The city environment 179
Toxic/hazardous wastes 182
Transferring the First World's pollution to the
Third World 186
Water pollution 189
Air pollution 194
Noise pollution 199
Environmental problems in smaller cities 200
The environment of poverty 202
Regional impacts 204
Tackling city wide pollution 213
Global concerns and the global commons 218
8. The Dimensions of Urban Change
The difficulties in describing urban change 222
What generalizations are valid for urban change? 224
Latin America 228
Asia 232
Africa 237
The underpinnings of urban change 245
The urban future? 249
Towards new forecasting techniques? 251
Postscript — the ruralization of cities? 256
9. Outside the Large Cities 258
The problem of definition 258
Background 259
The uniqueness of each centre 260
The role of local government 270
The links between agricultural and urban development 274
Social and spatial biases in government priorities 282
Basic service provision 285
Small urban centres — and controlling the growth of
large cities 288
Conclusions 297
Epilogue 300
The failure of government 300
The role of aid agencies 306
Urban bias, large-city bias or rich person bias? 308
New interpretations 311
Notes and References 314
Suggested Further Reading 352
Index 366

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