Blanchard .:. The Anthropology of Sport

Blanchard, Kendall & Alyce Cheska,
The Anthropology of Sport. An Introduction. Massachusetts: Berging & Garvey, 1985. xii, 306 Seiten mit Abbildungen, Literaturverzeichnis und Register. Broschur. Grossoktav. 228 x 150 mm. 439 g

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Bestell-Nr.159226 | ISBN: 0-89789-041-8

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Blanchard | Philosophie | Soziologie | Anthropologie | Sport Athletik

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Contents
List of Tables and Figures viii
Preface ix
Introduction by Edward Norbeck 1

1. Sport and Anthropology 7
Anthropology 8
Physical Anthropology 9 Archeology 10
Linguistics 11 Cultural Anthropology 12
Sport and Games in the History of Anthropology 14
Anthropology and A New Interest in Sport and
Games 22
The Objectives of the Anthropology of Sport 25
Summary 26 0 Exercises 26

2. The Meaning of Sport: A Cultural Approach 29
The Meaning of Culture 33
The Cultural Approach to Sport 36
Work and Leisure 38 Play 40 Sport as Work or
Play? 47 0 Sport and Games 52 0 Sports and
Ritual 53 Sport as Conflict 57
Sport, Recreation, and Physical Education 58
Summary 59 Exercises 60

3. Anthropology of Sport: Theory and Method 63
Theoretical Models in Anthropology 66
Explanatory Models 67 Interpretive Models 73
Theoretical Models: General Summary 78
General Ethnograhic Description 78
Methodology 79
Research Design 79 e Data Collection 79 Data
Analysis 83
The Anthropology of Sport Research Project: An
Illustration 84
Summary 86 Exercises 88

4. Prehistory and Early History of Sport 91
Sport in Stone Age Society 92
The Archeological Record 93
Sport and the Urban State 94
Mesoamerica and the Ballgame 99
The Ballgame in North America 108
The Future of Sport and Archeology 115
Sport Origins and Development Revisited 116
Summary 121 0 Exercises 122

5. Sport in Culture: An Evolutionary Perspective (Part I: Band
Society) 125
The Problem of Sport Classification 127
Sport: An Evolutionary Model 132
Level 1 Band 133
Aborigines: Australia 135 0 Eskimos: the Arctic 141
The Copper Eskimo 142 0 The Yahgan: South
America 146
Level II Band 150
Navajos: American Southwest 150 0 The Chukchi:
Northern Europe and Siberia 155 0 The Dani: New
Guinea 160
Summary 163 Exercises 164

6. Sport in Culture: An Evolutionary Perspective (Part II:
Supraband Society) 167
Level III: Chiefdom 167
Choctaws: American Southeast 168 Maori:
Polynesia (New Zealand) 174 • Samoans:
Polynesia 178 0 Sport in Level III Society: some
General Observations 181
Level I V: The Primitive State 183
Zulus: South Africa 183 Ashanti: West Africa 186
Prehistoric Mayan Sport 189
Level V: The Archaic Civilization 189
Sport Evaluation: General Observations 190
Summary 195 0 Exercises 196

7. The Anthropology of Sport: Applications 199
Sport in Culture Change 202
Societal Maintenance 202 Enculturation 205
Preparation 206 • Remediation 208 • Innovative
Potentiation 211 • Acculturation 213
Culture and Human Conflict 216
Culture and Multi Ethnic Sports Programs 222
Summary 229 • Exercises 230

8. Contemporary Issues and the Anthropology of Sport 233
The Role of Women in Sport 233
The Female Image and Female Sport 235 Nature
and Bases of Differential Access to Sport 238 0
Female Sport Participation in Other Cultures 245 0
The Future of Women in Sport 246 ' Additional
Questions 248
Sport and Aging 248
Images of Old Age 248 0 Disengagement vs.
Activity 249 Sport's Contribution to Older
Americans 251 Older Americans' Contribution
Through Sports 254
Violence in Sports 255
Factors Underlying Sport Violence 257 Reducing
Violence in Sport 261 Additional Questions 264
Sport and International Relations 264
Introduction 264 Sport as a Vehicle for
International Understanding 265 Sport and
International Politics 269 ' Sport and International
Business 274
Summary 274 0 Exercises 275

Epilogue 277
References 281
Index 299

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List of Tables:
1. Types of Games 54
2. Sport in Prehistory: Selected Archeological Evidence
by Area and General Time Period 98
3. Foul Racket Game Traits by Culture Area 113
4. The Major Continua or Axes of Sport Evolution 191

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List of Figures:
1. The Dimensions of Human Activity 48
2. A Typology of Sport 50
3. Componential Definition of "Football Player" 76
4. The Research Design 80
5. Gaming Device (?) from Eva (Tennessee) Site dated to
Early Archaic Phase of Southeastern Prehistory 95
6. Mayam Ball-court at Yaxchilan 101
7. Sport: A Componential Definition 129
8. Levels of Sociocultural Adaptation 134
9. Importance of Team Competition and Individual Performance
Factors in Mississippi Choctaw Sport Behavior 173

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